Anomalously strong annual mean Southern Ocean heat uptake is mainly controlled by reduced ocean heat loss during winter

Changes in clouds and their associated atmospheric states amplify ocean heat uptake by increasing downward longwave radiation at the surface

More clouds are linked to a more stable atmosphere which increases ocean heat uptake by suppressing turbulent heat fluxes out of the surface

We identify three primary summer Greenland blocking types

The orientation of each blocking type with respect to the ice sheet dictates surface response

Omega blocks have undergone the greatest increase in frequency and produce more melt over northern Greenland than other types

A regional model performs well in simulating the vegetation-climate system in South America

Both the vegetation productivity and water availability show a decreasing trend over the Amazonia and Nordeste

Warming is a major cause for the recent trend, but multi-decadal variability also plays a role

Performance of Noah-MP in simulating key landâ^’atmosphere variables was comprehensively evaluated at a global scale

Main disagreements between Noah-MP and references occur in the tropical, polar, high-altitude, and hyperarid regions

It is feasible to run Noah-MP with land-cover-specific combinations of parameterization schemes

The TWS over the TP decreased faster in the cold season than in the warming season from 1979-2019

Enhanced warming over the TP could cause a transition from snowfall to rainfall by increasing melting level heights

The slow process associated with decreasing snowfall contributed more to the decreasing TWS recharge than did fast process during 1979-2019

moderate to severe clear air turbulence over Drake's Passage is analyzed from 10 Hz in situ observations from HALO aircraft research flight

the source of the turbulence is the enhanced flow deformation and shear around a tropopause resulting from an eastward propagating polar low

Spectral and structure function methods are applied to quantify eddy-dissipation rates, intermittency, and flow anisotropy during the event

Approximately half of all Western North Pacific tropical cyclones made landfall in Southeast Asia

A northward shift of landfalling locations is found in all four agency best track records

Landfalls are lower and shifted northwestward in El Niño, higher and more distributed in La Niña, and highest in Neutral years

Multi-source observations show an overestimation of BL wind in WRF simulation of warm-sector heavy rainfall on South China coast (SCC)

Better modeling the land/sea BL temperature enhances the BL wind convergence and reduces the underestimation of SCC rainfall at night

Increasing the land surface friction could help little suppress the simulated biases in the onshore BL wind and the SCC heavy rainfall

Oxidative potential can be used to detect the joint toxicity of PM

Chromophoric substances were found to be the important contributors to OP of PM

Light-absorbing organic aerosols can be applied to illustrate the possible toxicological mechanism of PM

Accuracies of spectral model turbulence analysis techniques are evaluated using high resolution DNS data

The Tatarskii model shows very accurate results if measured spectra resolve the viscous subrange for more than 2 decades

The Heisenberg model yields less accurate results that are almost independent of measurement resolution