Field observations of surface runoff, groundwater levels, and saturated extents indicate that saturation overland flow dominates streamflow

Stable isotope tracers show that stream water age decreases as streamflow increases

Streamflow is nevertheless mainly water greater than one day old, meaning that even overland flow is mostly not event water

An analytical solution is derived for steady-state concentration field of solute transport in a flow with submerged vegetation

The reliability of obtained analytical solution is validated by experimental measurements and numerical simulation results

Effects of the solute release position and vertical turbulent diffusivity profile on the concentration distribution are analyzed

Soil pipe effects on denitrification in riparian groundwater were modeled during hyporheic exchange induced by a peak flow event

Denitrification was mostly governed by hyporheic volume, with exceptions including coarse soils and soil pipes above initial channel stage

Adding a single 1.5-meter soil pipe increased riparian denitrification by 76%

New dispersion data for non-uniform and uniform stem diameter distributions have been generated using a two-dimensional numerical model

Non-dimensional dispersion coefficients are unaffected by stem diameter distribution

Both longitudinal and transverse dispersion coefficients can be modelled as linear functions of stem diameter and stem spacing

UMZs are referred to as the irregularly shaped regions of relatively similar streamwise velocity divided by the interfacial layer of high shear

Conditional velocity decomposition is applied to the available direct numerical simulation (DNS) turbulent flow data after UMZ edges were identified

Probabilistic characteristics of coherent structures such as the maximum height, wall-normal length and streamwise length can be determined

Durations of sweep and ejections events are demonstrated to follow a lognormal distribution

The occurrence ratio of sweep events in the large-scale motions (LSMs) is quantified from the DNS data

Debris flood assessments are under-researched and poorly constrained. This contribution attempts to rectify that situation

Beyond debris flood inundation, this contribution outlines methods for sediment bulking, sediment transport and bank erosion

A new method for hazard mapping is proposed based on impact force and event frequency. This allows direct comparison of study sites

RBF, M5 tree and M-GMDH methods were considerably better than the ELM method

The RBF method is suitable in developing PTFs for the estimation of the SWRC

The RBF network has strong tolerance to input noise

The ELM network cannot be utilized as a reliable alternative to the RBF network

Engineered injection and extraction enhances NAPL removal and mixing in heterogeneous porous media while reducing uncertainty

Removal efficiency increases to a maximum value when the injection pulse satisfies that the Kubo number is close to one

The relative benefit of engineered injection and extraction is substantially larger in conditions of unfavorable aquifer heterogeneity and connectivity

We observe seasonal variations in the ratio of suspended load exported from the watershed versus stored in channel margins

Greater fractional area of deposition along margins of headwaters facilitates trapping of suspended load that limits suspended load export

Increasing transport length with increasing watershed area systematically decouples the channel from terrestrial organic exchange

Empirical river bathymetry approximation equations introduce bias into local water surface elevation simulations

Water surface elevation bias between the rating curves for simulations and observations reflects only river bathymetry bias

River bathymetry corrections based on the rating curve are robust, regardless of runoff uncertainties and discharge errors

First complete high-resolution flood hazard analysis of conterminous US flood risk from all major sources (fluvial, pluvial, and coastal)

In validation tests the model achieved Critical Success Index scores of 0.69–0.82, similar to many local custom-built 2D models

By 2050, flood hazard increases for the Eastern seaboard and Western states, but decreases or changes little for the center and South-West