Integrated phytoplankton concentration in the northern Gulf is driven by horizontal advection

Surface and integrated bloom behave differently in the southern and northern ends of the Gulf

Light limitation inhibits integrated growth in the northern Gulf, similar to the North Atlantic

The interaction of the Loop Current system and the river input in the northern Gulf of Mexico is two ways

The interaction depends on model resolution and riverine input configuration

Spread of SST and SSS show opposite seasonality. Increasing spatial resolution decreases the predictability of surface relative vorticity

Boundary layer dissipation is concentrated in a small portion of the ocean while baroclinic conversion is more distributed

Boundary layer dissipation on certain shelves controls basin-scale tides

Frictional coefficients derived via optimization methods are consistent with regional physical and hydrodynamic characteristics

The Sentinel-1 Doppler shift observations are used to retrieve information about the ocean surface currents in the coastal zone

Mesoscale eddies are detected in the SAR-derived ocean surface current radial velocity fields

Combination of the wind and wave information from collocated models improves the accuracy of the wave-induced contribution estimates

Monthly-to-interannual variability in the Southern Ocean eddy field is dominated by chaotic, rather than atmospherically-forced processes

The forced component of the eddy kinetic energy variance is significantly correlated with the local wind stress input

The forced changes in the eddy field lag the wind stress, with two timescales emerging: one at 4-6 months, and one at 2-3 years

Travel time variations extracted from time-lapse cross-correlations between a hydrophone station and a three-component broadband seismometer

Frequency-dependent acoustic travel time serves as path-averaged temperature changes in the SOFAR channel

Selecting eligible cross-correlations by source activity and slowness estimation is crucial for extracting reliable oceanic travel times

Significant interannual variation of subthermocline EKE related to ENSO is detected east of the Philippines with mooring and model

Model shows both barotropic and baroclinic instability are responsible for interannual EKE variation, and barotropic factor is dominant

Interannual modulation of barotropic instability is associated with the variation of Mindanao Undercurrent and Halmahera Eddy

NW wind events and the existence of the Pyrenees thermal front are both necessary for the formation of strong long-lived Balearic Sea eddies

Eddy intensification was driven by salinity gradients in 2010 and by additional NW windevents in 2017

Both events created long-lasting surface temperature anomalies that have the characteristicsof local marine heatwaves

Strong tidal rectification to the seasonal cycle in the eastern Gulf of Tonkin

Seasonal variability of the western Gulf of Tonkin dominated by the Red River coastal current and western boundary current intrusions

Considerable advection of waters through the gulf's mouth mainly during winter monsoon conditions

Using independent shipboard measurements and ERA5 reanalysis to study thermal skin effect

Evaluation of the skin and sublayer temperature schemes to simulate the SST diurnal cycle

The widely used COARE-3.6 bulk air-sea flux model performs well and replicates most skinlayer effects