Observations on the effects of morphactin EMD 7301 and EMD 7311 on the number, size, morphology and ontogeny of cotyledonary stomata ofAbelmoschus esculentus moench

G. L. Shah, V. Danaiah, P. Arunakumaki

Biologia plantarum 19:401-404, 1977 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922973

Stomata on the cotyledons of Morphactin EMD 7301 and EMD 7311 treated seedlings may be anisocytic, anomocytic, paracytic, diacytio, transitional forms and haplocytic. In spite of this diversity, the most frequent type is anisocytic on both surfaces. The stomatal ontogeny may bo perigenous, mesogenous and mesoperigenous. Morphactin EMD 7301 and EMD 7311 increase the size of cotyledons in all concentrations accompanied by an increase in the number of stomata on the adaxial surface in 100, 150, 250 ppm of EMD 7301. The effect of morphactin is promotive to the size of stomata in all concentrations, but it retards the stomatal density and number of epidermal...

Effect of gibberellin and kinetin on the regeneration ability ofFucus vesiculosus L.

E. Borowczak, T. Kentzer, B. Potulska-Klein

Biologia plantarum 19:405-412, 1977 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922974

The influence of gibberellic acid (GA³) and kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) on the regeneration ability of the basal and apical thallus fragments ofFucus vesiculosus L. was examined. The naturally occurring gibberellin and kinetin-like substances in these thallus fragments were also studied. It was found that exogenously applied GA³ markedly increased the number of adventitious branches formed on the cut surface of the thallus fragments taken from the apical parts of plants. The concentration of 0.001 mg GA³ I-1 proved to be the most effective. The growth promoting effect of GA³ was increased by simultaneous...

Book reviews

Z. Šesták, Z. Opatrný

Biologia plantarum 19:412, 1977 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922975

Improved thermal method of continual recording the transpiration flow rate dynamics

J. Kučera, J. Čermák, M. Penka

Biologia plantarum 19:413-420, 1977 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922976

The analysis of the dynamic properties of thermal methods of transpiration flow measurement was performed and the measuring system developed, capable of quantitative measurements of fast flow changes (in minutes). The system is specified with a constant automatically maintained temperature difference between the heated and reference points in the measured part of the plant. System's output signal related to measured quantity is linear. The system has been under longterm testing in full grown trees using the method of heat balance with direct electric heating of the xylem. The results obtained so far may be considered very good.

The orientation of cell wall microtubules in wheat coleoptile segments subjected to phytohormone treatment

Alena Volfová, L. Chvojka, Jana Haňkovská

Biologia plantarum 19:421-425, 1977 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922977

The effect of plant hormones was studied on the growth of excised coleoptile segments of wheat plantlets grown under daylight conditions. In addition to the change in growth, that in the orientation of microtubules and cellulose microfibrils was investigated in parenchyma cells. Following a 6-h treatment gibberellin, and still more kinetin, stímulated the thickening of segments, which became evident also in an altered orientation of microtubules. Whereas in the control the microtubules and wall microfibrils were oriented randomly, following gibberellin treatment they were all parallel and formed an acute angle with the longitudinal cell axis. A still...

Detection of vitamin B₁₂ and pantothenic acid in cell exudates of blue-green algae

A. K. Shah, B. S. Vaidya

Biologia plantarum 19:426-429, 1977 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922978

The blue-green algaeChroococcus, Oscillatoria and Nostoc, excrete vitamin B₁₂ and pantothenic acid in the culture filtrates during the phase of active growth. The excretion has an ecological significance.

Phytohormones et transport orienté au niveau de la feuille isolée dePelargonium zonale: compétition phytohormonale

M. Penot, J. Bekaud

Biologia plantarum 19:430-435, 1977 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922979

Hormone-directed transport is shown in a detached adult leaf ofPelargonium zonale, after a local application of solution (0.1 ml) of various groups of phytohormones (GA3 -BAP-AIA-ANA-2,4-D). Importance of isolated leaf as a simplified experimental system is underlined by the positive results obtained with³⁵S (or³²P).The idea of competition between two attractive foliar centers, induced by hormones is illustrated:i) with regard to the concentration of the same hormone (higher effect at 25 mg than at 2.5 mg.l-1 with GA₃ for example);ii) when two different hormones are competitive on the same leaf. In...

The differentiation of α- and β -glucosidase and α- and β-galactosidase isoenzymes from maize and broad bean root tips using disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels

Věra Hadačová, K. Beneš

Biologia plantarum 19:436-441, 1977 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922980

For the separation of α- and β-glucosidase and α- and β-galactosidase isoenzymes fromZea mays L. andVicia fabaL. root tips the system of disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel developed for basic protein separation proved most suitable. The detection was carried out by a simultaneous azocoupling reaction. In maize α-glucosidase was not detected, β-glucosidase gave 3, α-galactosidase 4, and β-galactosidase 3 zones. In broad bean a- and β-glucosidases were absent, α-galactosidase gave 2 and β-galactosidase 3 zones, α- and β-galactosidase activity zones correspond principially...

Water relations in plants dominating phryganic ecosystems

N. S. Maegaris

Biologia plantarum 19:442-447, 1977 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922982

The water potential and the osmotic potential in plants which dominate Greek phryganic ecosystems (Phlomis fruticosa, Sarcopoterium spinosum, Gistus sp.) were measured from April to Nowember. Water potential decreased considerably reaching a minimum in September. Higher values of osmotic potential than that of water potential were found during dry period (i.e. negative values of pressure potential). This interesting fact was confirmed by artificial desiccation.

Source of glycolate and cyclic changes in photosynthetic and photorespiratory activity during the development of barley leaves

C. Passera, A. Albuzio

Biologia plantarum 19:448-452, 1977 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922984

¹⁴CO₂ assimilation, RuBP earboxylase and PEP carboxylase activities show cyclic changes during the development of barley leaves. Cyclic changes, but in phase opposition with respect to carboxylating enzymes, are shown by RuBP oxygenase, phosphoglycolate phosphatase, glycolate oxidase and nitrate reductase activities. The oxygenase function of RuBP carboxylase appears to be the primary source of glycolate in young leaves, whereas in old ones glycolate could be supplied from some source in addition to RuBP oxygenase activity.

The cytogenetic effect of products of cytosine radiolysis: Isobarbituric acid and dialuric acid

K. Pešina, R. Pleticha-Lánský, M. Sosna

Biologia plantarum 19:453-456, 1977 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922986

The cytogenetic effect of two radiolytic cytosine products, i.e. of isobarbituric acid and of dialuric acid has been studied on a system of resting meristem ofVicia faba L. on chromosomal level. Both compounds produced in a concentration 10^-3 and 10^-4 M chromosomal aberrations with a relatively low frequency, about 4 aberrations per 100 anaphases after 12 h of treatment. Among the aberration types chromosomal and chromatid breaks and minutes pre-dominated.

Distribution pattern of gas exchange in the area of maize leaf blades during the generative phase

J. Václavík

Biologia plantarum 19:457-461, 1977 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922987

Net photosynthetic CO₂ uptake (P _N ) and transpiration (E) rates through adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces were measured gasometrically on the area of maize leaf blades of different insertion levels in the phase of male florescence and in the phase of spadices development. The distribution pattern of gas exchange on the area of all measured leaf blades found in the phase of male florescence (significantly lower value in the basal parts) was changed in the phase of spadices development: P_N andE of abaxial surfaces of older leaves,i.e. 9th, 10th (under which the spadices were growing)...

Brassica campestris as a model for studying the effects of exogenous growth substances on flowering in long-day plants

J. Krekule, Frideta Seidlová

Biologia plantarum 19:462-468, 1977 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922988

Photoperiodic responses of seedlings of long-day plantBrassica campestris L. cv. Ceres were investigated at different ages and varying length of inductive period. It was found that photoperiodie response increased with age. All plants flowered after one inductive cycle beginning with a light-period of 16h, but remained in the vegetative phase when kept under short-days (16h darkness, 8h light).Both auxins (IAA and NAA) and cytokinins (kinetin and benzyladenine) inhibited flowering when applied to the plumule or via the roots immediately before the inductive photoperiod. This inhibitory effects was confined to bud formation, whereas the rate...

Book reviews

Jiřina Slavíková, Ingrid Tichá

Biologia plantarum 19:476, 1977 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922992

α- and β-Amylases in seed germination

A. K. Goswami, M. K. Jain, B. Paul

Biologia plantarum 19:469-471, 1977 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922990

During the first 24 h of germination of wheat seeds, starch is hydrolysed by free β-amylase. In the next 24 h, some amount of inactive form of β-amylase is converted into active form and this together with α-amylase synthesizedde novo brings about the hydrolysis of starch. The amount of α-amylase is greater in seeds with embryo intact than with embryo excised after 24 h hydration. However, at later stages of seed germination α-amylase becomes predominant and the activity of β-amylase steadily diminishes.

Cytological effects of papaverine hydrochloride on root tips ofAllium cepa L.

A. S. El-Bayoumi, A. Kabarity, A. Habib

Biologia plantarum 19:472-476, 1977 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922991

Papaverine hydrochloride, which is an alkaloid found in opium, inducedc-metaphase,c-anaphase, non-congression, diagonal anaphase, chromosome and chromatid bridges, lagging of chromosomes, micronuclei and multinucleated cells in root tips ofAllium cepa. It is the only one amongst the alkaloids of opium which caused a high increase in MI after a long period of treatment with some low concentrations.

Anther cultures of maize

Z. Opatrný, J. Dostál, V. Martinek

Biologia plantarum 19:477-480, 1977 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922993

The presence of synthetic auxins (2,4-D at a concentration as low as of 0.5 to 5.0 mg I^-1, NAA at least at 5 mg I^-1) in the cultivation medium was essential for the induction of callogenesis in anther cultures ofZea mays L. The application of IAA was ineffective. Kinetin induced bursting, darkening and a rapid anther necrosis, but at an appropriate concentration ratio with 2,4-D it stimulated pollen maturation at the same time.

Computer Simulation of Soil-Water Dynamics: A Compendium of Recent Work

Jana Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 19:441, 1977 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922981

Transport and Transfer Processes in Plants

B. Slavík

Biologia plantarum 19:447, 1977 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922983

Genetics

Eva Miadoková

Biologia plantarum 19:452, 1977 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922985

Strasburger's Textbook of Botany

Danuše Hodáňová

Biologia plantarum 19:468, 1977 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922989

Plant Tissue Culture

Z. Opatrný

Biologia plantarum 19:480, 1977 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922994