Risk factors for faecal contamination of groundwater self-supply assessed in two Indonesian cities

Contamination associated with lower socio-economic status, proximity to sanitation and lack of well protection

Widespread boiling of self-supplied water significantly improves microbial quality between source and point-of-use

This article introduces a non-parametric stochastic process in generating synthetic precipitations for non-stationary climate

The basis of this algorithm is highly related to the physcial mechanism of precipitation formation defined by Pressure Change Events (PCEs)

We propose a new approach to link SWAT with Data Assimilation (DA) algorithms based on source code modification

Snow Cover Fraction (SCF) data of MODIS is assimilated to estimate HRU-scaled snow-related parameters of SWAT

Bivariate streamflow and MODIS SCF data assimilation mitigates the equifinality problem

In polymictic, temperate lakes, stratification and high temperatures are needed to promote anoxia and arsenic release in bottom water

Convective mixing is a key mechanism transporting arsenic from lake bottom waters to surface waters inhabited by oxygen-requiring biota

Arsenic release in shallow, temperate lakes overlaps with high primary producer growth and leads to arsenic accumulation in the food web

Seasonal variations in ET bias groundwater level recession rates in shallow aquifers

Seasonal recharge estimates from Water Table Fluctuation method can be markedly different depending on whether seasonal variations in recession rates are accounted or not

Two novel methods to quantify ET’s influence on groundwater recession, and consequently on seasonal recharge, are presented

Groundwater chemistry was dominated by chemical equilibrium in perched and shallow aquifers (<4 m) and mixing in the deeper aquifers

Groundwater in the deeper aquifers was recharged by groundwater from similar depths and above strata but via heterogeneous pathways

Complex recharge and nitrate transport routes pose a challenge for legacy nitrogen mitigation in regions with restrictive soil horizons

Wavelet power spectrum and coherence analysis is used to study river-aquifer interactions under dam operations in an Alpine catchment

The impact of reservoir operations on the aquifer is strongest under low flow conditions but the area impacted shows little variation

Under low flow conditions, dam operations considerably influence the frequency of the water exchange between rivers and aquifer

Comprehensive comparison of Gauss-Newton and stochastic optimization algorithms on a 38 parameter SWAT calibration problem with fixed budget

Gauss-Newton algorithms can perform better than stochastic algorithms, especially when target NSE is high or budget is limited

The Robust Gauss-Newton algorithm has fastest initial convergence and is particularly attractive when budget is tight (e.g., 200 model runs)

Accurately measuring and monitoring groundwater storage and fluxes is critical for water, food, and energy security

Remote sensing approaches such as gravitational measurements, InSAR, GNSS, lidar altimetry, and AEM can yield indirect yet valuable information about groundwater

Fusing multiple remotely-sensed datasets or employing other tools such as numerical models increase the applicability of individual approaches

Mutual information uses fewer model runs to provide consistent sensitivity rankings on SWAT parameters as Sobol sensitivity analysis

Statistical significance test accelerates convergence of mutual information calculations

We identify the dominant sensitivities on subsurface and snow parameters in agriculture and snow-dominated watersheds, respectively

First complete high-resolution flood hazard analysis of conterminous US flood risk from all major sources (fluvial, pluvial, and coastal)

In validation tests the model achieved Critical Success Index scores of 0.69–0.82, similar to many local custom-built 2D models

By 2050, flood hazard increases for the Eastern seaboard and Western states, but decreases or changes little for the center and South-West