Multi-instrument detection in Europe of ionospheric disturbances caused by the 15 January 2022 eruption of the Hunga volcano

he 15 January 2022 eruption of the Hunga volcano provides a unique opportunity to study the reaction of the ionosphere to large explosive events. In particular, this event allows us to study the global propagation propagation of travelling ionospheric disturbances using various instruments. We focus on the detection of the ionospheric disturbances caused by this eruption over Europe, where dense networks of both ionosondes and GNSS receivers are available. Despite the large distance from the eruption site, clear effects were detected in this region. We combine a variety of data, including atmospheric pressure measurements, ionosonde soundings, TEC data and in situ measurements in order to track the disturbances across the region. In this way, we are able to detect the disturbances propagating in both directions along the great circles from the eruption site to Europe.