The Ryukyu Current, part of the western boundary current of the North Pacific, tended to weaken along its path during 1993–2018

The weakened Kuroshio in the Tokara Strait is one determinant for the weakened Ryukyu Current subsurface core

Increasing anticyclonic eddies emanating from the interior region east of the Kuroshio Extension render a weakened Ryukyu Current

The effect of sea ice dynamics on the variation of ice volume across the seasonal ice zone is examined based on field observations and remote sensing data

The strong regionality of the interannual variability of sea ice area in the Sea of Okhotsk was revealed based on long-term field observations and satellite data

The effectiveness of the viscous-plastic sea ice rheology in reproducing deformation processes were shown from observations and theory

An anticyclonic residual circulation around the Yermak Plateau forced by the diurnal tide helps Atlantic Water penetrate into the Arctic

Semi-diurnal stationary internal waves are observed in the Yermak Pass and could result from freely propagating semi-diurnal internal waves

Freely propagating semi-diurnal internal waves are generated by diurnal barotropic tides on critical slopes around the plateau

Principle Component Analysis and Optimum Multiparameter method are combined to observe the implicit synoptic-scale water mass interaction

Combination Methodologies unravel a previously overlooked penetration of the Yellow Sea Coastal Water into the Changjiang River Estuary

The Yellow Sea Coastal Water penetration takes place repeatedly in response to the northerly wind burst

Eastern boundary current system captured in unprecedented detail using 22 months of near-continuous glider observations

Large-scale freshining event in subpolar North Atlantic impacted Rockall Trough around 2017

Interannual variability in poleward transport driven by subsurface temperature anomalies at the western flank of the Rockall Trough

Summer Arctic snowstorms result in positive sea ice extent and albedo anomalies due to associated changes in ice drift and air cooling

Sea ice-ocean model experiments suggest that snowstorm-induced surface air cooling is the dominant driver of reduced seasonal sea ice loss

Reductions in the prevalence and severity of summer Arctic snowstorms could accelerate future Arctic sea ice loss

Flow speed and light intensity explained 25-74% of daily and 7-75% of nightly pH and oxygen variability across different reef habitats

Circulation of the Onna-son coral reef system was driven by waves, but modulated by tides, and was highly consistent

Constraining coral reef circulation and light intensity will allow us to better predict future biogeochemical variability on coral reefs

The active frazil area in the Northern Hemisphere is mapped for the first time, with improved estimation of sea ice production

Several coastal polynyas with a high occurrence rate of active frazil and high ice production rate are extracted

The ice production rate in Northern Hemisphere polynyas is generally lower than in Antarctic polynyas owing to fewer strong wind events

Along-track sampling and model-based mapping capabilities of up to six altimeters in current altimetric products are assessed

Westward propagating eddies intrinsically form wave-like patterns in altimetric products, masquerading as Rossby waves in similar scales

Dominated Rossby wave signals are quantified by removing eddy-formed wave-like signals in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans