1. Neurochemistry Group
We study physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology of cholinergic neurons at the molecular level and molecular pharmacology of other GPCRs. In our study, we mainly employ cell lines but we also use animal models. Our research is focused mainly on these topics:
- biochemical physiology and pharmacology of cholinergic neurons
- development and differentiation of cholinergic neurons
- synthesis, storage, and release of acetylcholine
- presynaptic regulation of acetylcholine release
- cholinergic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer´s disease
- influence of beta-amyloid on acetylcholine metabolism and muscarinic transmission
- molecular pharmacology of muscarinic receptors
- allosteric modulation of receptor activation.
- interaction of receptors with G-proteins
- modelling of muscarinic receptor signal transduction.
2. Group of Biochemistry of Membrane Receptors
The research focuses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of desensitization of hormone response mediated by the activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). G protein-coupled receptors are plasma membrane integral proteins that serve as transducers of extracellular signals across the plasma membrane bilayer to the cell interior. GPCR play a key role in the regulation of many physiological processes and functions. Moreover, GPCRs represent one of the most important groups of targets for therapeutics. The main areas of the research are:
- role of the cell membrane and membrane domains
- opioid receptors and drug addiction
- effect of monovalent ions on δ-opioid receptors – analysis of lithium effect in living cells and isolated cell membranes.
Publication 2015 - 2021
Projects
Ectopic agonists represent a new class of drugs that bind out of the orthosteric site and display unique functional selectivity through mechanisms yet to be defined. We perform a detailed analysis of receptor activation induced by ectopic and classical agonists with the aim to reveal molecular mechanisms underlying functional selectivity.
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A biased agonist is a ligand which stabilizes a particular active conformation of a receptor, thus stimulating some responses but not others. Biased agonists might represent a novel and uniquely effective type of therapeutic agent with reduced side-effects.
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The aim of the project is to determine how disruption of cholinergic activation of striatal GABAergic interneurons alters striatal signalling and striatum-based behaviour by using a mouse model with deletion of the β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit in striatal GABAergic interneurons.
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Cholesterol has been found to co-crystallize with a number of GPCRs. Our current experiments show that membrane cholesterol specifically binds to a muscarinic receptor and slows down their activation.
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Addiction to opioid drugs (opioids) represents one of the most severe forms of drug abuse. Opium is one of the oldest known drugs and is used for its medicinal and euphoric effects for thousands of years. Opioid dependence develops as a consequence of changes in the central nervous system (CNS) induced by prolonged exposure to opioid drugs, e.g., morphine, codein or heroin.
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Achievements
Jakubík, J.; Randáková, A. Insights into the Operational Model of Agonism of Receptor Dimers. Expert Opin. Drug Discov. 2022, 17, 1181–1191, doi:10.1080/17460441.2023.2147502. Invited Review.
The exact ranking of efficacies and potencies of agonists is indispensable in the discovery of new selective agonists.
The operational model of agonism (OMA) is the current standard.
Many receptors function as oligomers, requiring an extension of the classical OMA.
Extension of OMA by slope factors gives simple equations of functional response that are easy to fit experimental data but results may be inaccurate.
Extension of OMA by cooperativity factors gives accurate but complex equations of functional response.
Extension of OMA by cooperativity factors should be preferred.
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Randáková, A.; Jakubík, J. Functionally Selective and Biased Agonists of Muscarinic Receptors. Pharmacol. Res. 2021, 169, 105641, doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105641.
Invited review.
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Abbondanza, A.; Ribeiro Bas, I.; Modrak, M.; Capek, M.; Minich, J.; Tyshkevich, A.; Naser, S.; Rangotis, R.; Houdek, P.; Sumova, A.; et al. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Expressed by Striatal Interneurons Inhibit Striatal Activity and Control Striatal-Dependent Behaviors. J. Neurosci. 2022, 42, 2786–2803, doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1627-21.2022.
A large variety of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are expressed in the striatum, a brain region that is crucial in the control of behaviour. The complexity of receptors with different functions is hindering our understanding of mechanisms through which striatal acetylcholine modulates behaviour. We focused on the role of a small population of beta2-containing nAChRs. We identified neuronal types expressing these receptors and determined their impact on the control of explorative behaviour, anxiety-like behaviour, learning, and sensitivity to stimulants. Additional experiments showed that these alterations were associated with an overall increased activity of striatal neurons. Thus, the small population of nicotinic receptors represents an interesting target for modulation of response to stimulant drugs and other striatal-based behaviour.
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Dolejší, E.; Szánti-Pintér, E.; Chetverikov, N.; Nelic, D.; Randáková, A.; Doležal, V.; Kudová, E.; Jakubík, J. Neurosteroids and Steroid Hormones Are Allosteric Modulators of Muscarinic Receptors. Neuropharmacology 2021, 199, 108798, doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108798.
Some neurosteroids and steroid hormones bind to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors with the affinity of 100 nM or greater
Steroids acting at nanomolar concentrations represent the novel pharmacophore of allosteric modulators of muscarinic receptors
Corticosterone and progesterone allosterically modulate muscarinic receptors at physiologically relevant concentrations
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Proper determination of agonist efficacy is indispensable in the evaluation of agonist selectivity and bias to activation of specific signalling pathways. The operational model of pharmacological agonism is a useful means for achieving this goal.
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Publications
Szczurowska; Ewa - Szánti-Pintér; Eszter - Chetverikov; Nikolai - Randáková; Alena - Kudová; Eva - Jakubík; Jan
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Modulation of Muscarinic Signalling in the Central Nervous System by Steroid Hormones and Neurosteroids
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International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(1)); 507
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IF = 6.208
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Ujčíková; Hana - Roubalová; Lenka - Lee; Y. S. - Slaninová; Jiřina - Brejchová; Jana - Svoboda; Petr
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The Dose-Dependent Effects of Multifunctional Enkephalin Analogs on the Protein Composition of Rat Spleen Lymphocytes; Cortex; and Hippocampus; Comparison with Changes Induced by Morphine
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Biomedicines. 2022; 10(8)); 1969
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IF = 4.757
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Ujčíková; Hana - Robles; D. - Yue; X. - Svoboda; Petr - Lee; Y. S. - Navratilova; E.
Time-Dependent Changes in Protein Composition of Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Rats with Neuropathic Pain
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International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(2)); 955
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IF = 6.208
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Ujčíková; Hana - Eckhardt; Adam - Hejnová; L. - Novotný; J. - Svoboda; Petr
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Alterations in the Proteome and Phosphoproteome Profiles of Rat Hippocampus after Six Months of Morphine Withdrawal: Comparison with the Forebrain Cortex
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Biomedicines. 2022; 10(1)); 80
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IF = 4.757
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doi
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Szczurowska; Ewa - Szánti-Pintér; Eszter - Randáková; Alena - Jakubík; Jan - Kudová; Eva
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Allosteric Modulation of Muscarinic Receptors by Cholesterol; Neurosteroids and Neuroactive Steroids
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International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(21)); 13075
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IF = 6.208
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2D electrophoretic map of plasma membrane proteins from the frontal cortex of rats
Effect of cholesterol depletion on thyroliberin receptor (TRH) distribution and morphology of HEK293 cells stably expressing the TRH-R-eGFP fusion protein (VTGP line)
NPY+ interneurons (green) in mouse striatum injected by AVV5-mCherry (red)
Neurons in mouse gzrus dentatus expressing GFP (green).
Department of Neurochemistry, July 2019
Department of Neurochemistry
Department of Neurochemistry
Department of Neurochemistry, July 2016
Model of postsynaptic membrane. βA fibril, ACh - acetylcholine, APP - amyloid precursor protein, Go G-protein, Kir - inward rectifying potassium channel, M2 muscarinic receptor
Acetylcholine (ACh) is synthesized from choline and acetylcoenzyme A (AcCoA) by cholineacetyl transferase (ChAT) in cytoplasm of synaptic ending of neuron. ACh is transported into vesicles by vesicular acetylcholin transporter (VAChT) where it is stored untill release. Upon arrival of the signal in form of action potential to the synaptic ending vesicles fuse with plasma membrane and ACh is released to synaptic cleft. On post-synaptic membrane ACh either opens non selective cation channels - nicotinic receptors (NAChR) - or activates G protein coupled muscarinic receptors (MAChR). ACh may regulates its release via interaction with presynaptic MAChR. Action of ACh is terminated by acetylcholine esterase that cleaves it to inactive choline and acetate. Choline is transported back by to synaptic ending by choline transporter (ChT).
