Coevolution of riverbed and vegetation, mediated by intrinisic biogeomorphic feedbacks, exhibits nonlinear dynamics and chaos

For chaos to be possible, the erosion during a flood must be comparable to the root depth

The time scale on which the riverbed/vegetation evolution becomes unpredictable is short, ranging between 2 and 4 growth-flood periods

A state-of-the-art ocean model reproduces extreme El Niño events and the corresponding nonlinear oceanic processes realistically

Contributions from oceanic nonlinearities are isolated using paired simulations forced by opposite wind stress anomalies

Effects of oceanic nonlinearities on extreme El Niño events are small, due to compensation between lateral and vertical processes

Very low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) are characterized by slow self-arresting processes

Our model can simultaneously reproduce both very low-frequency and LFE

The slip-weakening frictional model generates both fast and slow earthquakes

Single-grain luminescence was used to quantify the intensity of pedoturbation in the Mollisol profile over the past 50,000 years

Dust accumulation fostered the formation of the thick, dark, humus-rich surface layer of the Mollisol profile

The formation processes of the Mollisol profile were traced back to 16,400 years before present

Tropical temperature perturbations near extreme deep convection rapidly conform to convective quasi equilibrium in a three-hour window

Only the top 7% precipitating deep convection can modulate hourly tropical temperature patterns beyond a 1° radius

Top 1% precipitating deep convection constrains nearby temperature perturbations up to an 9° radius during peak precipitation

The Vietnam upwelling is projected to increase under a high-emission scenario

The wind stress curl dominates the long-term change in the Vietnam upwelling

Increased upwelling may significantly affect local ocean warming and freshening