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Issue Information

  •  30 May 2024
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AI‐Assisted Design of Printed Edge‐Fed Non‐Uniform Zig‐Zag Antenna for mm‐Wave Automotive Radar

L. Poli, P. Rocca, P. Rosatti, N. Anselmi, M. Salucci, S. Yang, F. Yang, A. Massa, 
  •  30 May 2024

Key Points

  • The non-uniform zig-zag antenna (NZA) PCB-based layout enables an effective control of antenna performance for fulfilling a set of conflicting project requirements within automotive radar framework

  • The proposed SbD-based optimization method is an effective and efficient tool for addressing the computational complexity of the design problem at hand

  • The realization and the measurement of a prototype prove also experimentally the suitability of the NZA layout for mm-wave radar applications

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Design and Characterization of the Engineering Model of the Spectrometer Onboard LuSEE‐Night

Emi Tamura, Jack Fried, Sven Herrmann, Paul O’Connor, Eric J. Raguzin, Anže Slosar, 
  •  25 May 2024

Key Points

  • The engineering model of the spectrometer developed for the LuSEE-Night mission meets all mission requirements

  • Three mitigation techniques have been successfully implemented to suppress electromagnetic interference

  • The flight model is currently being developed and will be delivered to the integration site in early 2024

Open access

High‐Latitude Off‐Great Circle Propagation Associated With the Solar Terminator

T. G. Cameron, R. A. D. Fiori, G. W. Perry, J. J. Ruck, T. Thayaparan, 
  •  20 May 2024

Key Points

  • The lateral deflection of high frequency radio waves caused by the solar terminator is investigated with ray tracing simulations

  • North-south propagation paths can experience significant (>20°) deflections in the morning and evening

  • East-west paths can also see significant deflections at high latitudes, at times when the solar terminator is also oriented east-west

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Application of Wide‐Beam Transmission for Advanced Operations of SuperDARN Borealis Radars in Monostatic and Multistatic Modes

R. A. Rohel, P. Ponomarenko, K. A. McWilliams, 
  •  17 May 2024

Key Points

  • We developed wide-beam transmission to probe an entire Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) field of view simultaneously and to enable bistatic operations

  • New multistatic operation of SuperDARN radars provides additional measured velocity vector components

  • New wide-beam and multistatic operations significantly improve temporal resolution and spatial coverage by SuperDARN

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Novel Scheme for GPU‐Accelerated Finite‐Difference Time‐Domain Simulation of Electromagnetic Wave Interaction With Magnetic Plasma

Shimin He, Moran Liu, Ting Feng, Yiyun Wu, Xiang Wang, Chen Zhou, Ting Lan, Haiyin Qing, 
  •  11 May 2024

Key Points

  • We present a new two-dimension finite-difference time-domain (scheme for wave propagation in and interaction with magnetized plasma

  • The new method avoid complex matrix operation in solving couple of three velocities induced by Lorentz term

  • The method performance shows less operation and faster speed in computation, especially for multicore parallel computation with graphical processing unit

Open access

Power Spectral Characteristics of In‐Situ Irregularities and Topside GPS Signal Intensity at Low Latitudes Using High‐Sample‐Rate Swarm Echo (e‐POP) Measurements

Ali Mohandesi, David J. Knudsen, Susan Skone, Richard B. Langley, Andrew W. Yau, 
  •  3 May 2024

Key Points

  • The most frequently occurring spectral index of the in-situ irregularity power spectra is 1.7

  • The power spectra of GPS signal intensity show a single spectral index near 2, which is smaller than ground-based weak scintillation values

  • The roll-off frequencies in the signal intensity power spectra are 0.4–2.5 Hz, significantly exceeding ground-based Fresnel frequency values

Open access

Synthesis of Elliptically Shaped Aperiodic Antenna Arrays Subject to Complex Design Constraints

J. M. E. Geerarts, G. Theis, A. B. Smolders, D. Caratelli, 
  •  3 May 2024

Key Points

  • The Auxiliary Array Pattern (AAP) formulation offers a deterministic and, thus, an inherently faster conformal array synthesis method

  • The AAP formulation can be extended to support Elliptical contours

  • Elliptical arrays with, for instance, Rampart or dipole elements can be quickly designed using the proposed synthesis method

Open access

Direct Digital RF Transceiver Technology for Millimeter‐Wave DBF Systems

Noriharu Suematsu, 
  •  30 April 2024

Key Points

  • Proposed direct digital RF transceiver technology utilizes the higher-order Nyquist zones and mmW signal can be handled directly

  • Direct digital RF technology brings compact/digital rich mmW transceivers and will realize large scale digital beam forming antennas for mmW applications

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Issue Information

  •  26 April 2024
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Satellite radar interferometry: Two‐dimensional phase unwrapping

Richard M. Goldstein, Howard A. Zebker, Charles L. Werner, 

Vegetation modeled as a water cloud

E. P. W. Attema, Fawwaz T. Ulaby, 
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A global mapping technique for GPS‐derived ionospheric total electron content measurements

A. J. Mannucci, B. D. Wilson, D. N. Yuan, C. H. Ho, U. J. Lindqwister, T. F. Runge, 

Geodesy by radio interferometry: Effects of atmospheric modeling errors on estimates of baseline length

J. L. Davis, T. A. Herring, I. I. Shapiro, A. E. E. Rogers, G. Elgered, 
  • Radio Science
  •  1593-1607
  •  November-December 1985
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Singular value decomposition methods for wave propagation analysis

O. Santolík, M. Parrot, F. Lefeuvre, 

Estimation of tropospheric delay for microwaves from surface weather data

J. Askne, H. Nordius, 
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Statistics of total electron content depletions observed over the South American continent for the year 2008

G. K. Seemala, C. E. Valladares, 

Key Points

  • First time regional plots of TEC depletions
  • New numerical algorithm developed to automatically detect TEC depletions
  • Day-to-day variability of TEC depletions in a regional basis

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International Reference Ionosphere 2000

Dieter Bilitza, 
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Surface Wave Reduction in Antenna Arrays Using Metasurface Inclusion for MIMO and SAR Systems

Mohammad Alibakhshikenari, Bal S. Virdee, Chan H. See, Raed A. Abd-Alhameed, Francisco Falcone, Ernesto Limiti, 

Key Points

  • An effective method is presented for mutual coupling reduction that is based on metasurface isolator for MIMO and SAR applications
  • Effectiveness of the metasurface is demonstrated with a 2x2 antenna array that operates over six frequency sub-bands in X, Ku and K-bands
  • The maximum improvement achieved in attenuating mutual coupling is 8.5, 28, 27, 7.5, 13, and 22.5 dB at six frequency bands, respectively

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Consistency Evaluation of Precipitable Water Vapor Derived From ERA5, ERA‐Interim, GNSS, and Radiosondes Over China

Yonglin Zhang, Changsheng Cai, Biyan Chen, Wujiao Dai, 

Key Points

  • Consistency of precipitable water vapors (PWVs) derived from ERA5, ERA-Interim, GNSS, and radiosondes over China is evaluated
  • ERA5-derived PWV is indicated to have a higher accuracy than that acquired from its previous-generation product of the ERA-Interim
  • PWV geographical distribution derived from ERA5 and GNSS is quite consistent

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Large ionospheric disturbances produced by the HAARP HF facility

Paul A. Bernhardt, Carl L. Siefring, Stanley J. Briczinski, Mike McCarrick, Robert G. Michell, 

Key Points

  • HAARP facility produces unique results
  • Artificial plasma clouds are emission and optical signatures
  • Future HAARP experiments are needed to explain physics

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Synopsis of the historical development of Schumann resonances

B. P. Besser, 
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Accurate measurements of the dielectric constant of seawater at L band

Roger Lang, Yiwen Zhou, Cuneyt Utku, David Le Vine, 

Key Points

  • Dielectric measurements of seawater are made with a microwave cavity at 1.413 GHz
  • Measurements are made as a function of temperature and salinity for values found in open ocean
  • Accuracy is better than 0.3 for both real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant

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Fresnel Reflection and Transmission Coefficients for Temporally Dispersive Attenuative Media

Kurt E. Oughstun, Christopher L. Palombini, 

Key Points

  • General expressions for Fresnel reflection and transmission coefficients for homogeneous and inhomogeneous plane waves are derived for TE- and TM polarized plane waves in complex media with loss
  • The critical angle for total internal reflection remains unchanged when material loss is included; the polarizing angle (for a TM polarized plane wave is changed otherwise, a pseudo Brewster's angle occurs at which the magnitude of the TM) polarization reflection coefficient is a minimum
  • Total reflection at grazing incidence on the optically denser medium does not occur when both media exhibit loss; total reflection does not occur at critical incidence when both media exhibit loss.

Plain Language Summary

Amplitude reflection and transmission coefficients for a time-harmonic electromagnetic plane wave incident upon a plane interface separating two different lossy media are developed.

Open access

Breast Cancer Detection Based on Simplified Deep Learning Technique With Histopathological Image Using BreaKHis Database

Tania Afroz Toma, Shivazi Biswas, Md Sipon Miah, Mohammad Alibakhshikenari, Bal S. Virdee, Sandra Fernando, Md Habibur Rahman, Syed Mansoor Ali, Farhad Arpanaei, Mohammad Amzad Hossain, Md Mahbubur Rahman, Ming-bo Niu, Naser Ojaroudi Parchin, Patrizia Livreri, 

Key Points

  • The results of an investigation to determine effectiveness of deep learning (DL)-based systems for detecting breast cancer is presented

  • The strategy here for DL training uses various image processing techniques for extracting different feature patterns

  • It is shown that the convolutional neural network models provide different results for different degrees of image resolution

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Calculating the absorption of HF radio waves in the ionosphere

K. A. Zawdie, D. P. Drob, D. E. Siskind, C. Coker, 

Key Points

  • Either the Appleton-Hartree or Sen Wyller dispersion relation can be used to calculate absorption
  • It is necessary to utilize the correct collision frequency specification for each dispersion relation
  • Geophysical variations of collision frequency should be included in absorption calculations

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A Review on Different Techniques of Mutual Coupling Reduction Between Elements of Any MIMO Antenna. Part 1: DGSs and Parasitic Structures

Amit Kumar, Abdul Quaiyum Ansari, Binod Kumar Kanaujia, Jugul Kishor, Ladislau Matekovits, 

Key Points

  • Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) patch antenna is required for high data rate transmission without additional bandwidth requirement

  • Mutual coupling reduction among antenna elements is a significant challenge while designing a compact antenna array system

  • Defected Ground Structures and Parasitics elements/structures for mutual coupling reduction have been discussed thoroughly in this article

Plain Language Summary

A comprehensive two-part review article with more than 330 references is proposed.

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An Indoor Path Loss Prediction Model Using Wall Correction Factors for Wireless Local Area Network and 5G Indoor Networks

H. A. Obeidat, R. Asif, N. T. Ali, Y. A. Dama, O. A. Obeidat, S. M. R. Jones, W. S. Shuaieb, M. A. Al-Sadoon, K. W. Hameed, A. A. Alabdullah, R. A. Abd-Alhameed, 

Key Points

  • A modified effective wall loss model (EWLM) for indoor environment is presented
  • Real-time measurements and simulations for various indoor path loss models are used
  • Several frequency spectrum band were considered for evaluation purposes

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Radio wave propagation through vegetation: Factors influencing signal attenuation

Nick Savage, David Ndzi, Andrew Seville, Enric Vilar, John Austin, 
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Formulas of dielectric and total attenuations of a microstrip line

Wenquan Che, Yu Fang Tang, Jie Zhang, Y. L. Chow, 

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